mardi 25 janvier 2011

Interview de Mamoru Mohri, astronaute japonais qui a effectué 2 missions spatiales à bord de la navette spatiale STS-47 et STS-99



Mamoru Mohri est un astronaute japonais.

Scientifique, spécialiste de la fusion nucléaire et du plasma, il est sélectionné dans le premier groupe d'astronautes japonais du NASDA (aujourd'hui JAXA) en 1985.

Il vole lors de 2 missions spatiales avec la navette (STS-47 en 1992 et STS-99 en 2000).


Il a été le premier Directeur du Bureau des Astronautes de la NASDA (1992-1996).
Il est aujourd'hui le Directeur du Miraikan (National Museum of emerging Science and Technology) à Tokyo.

Interview réalisée en 2011

How many years were you connected to the space program prior to your flight ?
I was selected in 1985 as an astronaut for Japan, and my first space flight was in 1992.
The Challenge disaster put all space shuttle activity on hold, so I was connected to the space program for 7 years prior to his first flight.

How did you feel prior to the flight ?
It was a childhood dream for me to go to space.
However, I first became a scientist and then, once selected as an astronaut, I was eager to see the sun through the vacuum of space.
I wanted to see the real vision of a star. Plus, I was very curious to see how things responded to micro-gravity, such as my body, materials, and how experiments would be conducted.

What kinds of sensations did you experienced during take-off ?
During take-off, I could not wait to get to space.
I was so excited that I was yelling "go! go! go!" in my mind as they took off.

What does weightlessness feel like, and what did you think about during the flight ?
Weightlessness is delightfully comfortable and relaxing, something like floating in a warm hot springs bath.
During the flight I was extremely focused on successfully completing my tasks and my missions and bringing back useful, informative results.

What were some of the problems you encountered and how did you fixed them ?
On the very first day our crew encountered a very serious problem.
It was a leak in the coolant water lube system.
The crew, meaning the flight crew and the ground crew together, always work together as a team dedicated to finding solutions, and that is how we fixed the problem within the first day.

What did you eat, and did it taste real ?
I was lucky in that he was able to introduce some Japanese food to my crew mates and they loved the Japanese curry.
In fact, I was told it is the favorite food of the International Space Station, too.
All the food was tasty and certainly real.

What was re-entry like ?
Re-entry was fascinating.
First to re-experience the Earth's gravity was pleasingly uncomfortable.
Then when the hatch opened and a rush of fresh air entered, I could breath and smell life.
I also remembered someone giving me a glass of fresh water, and that was the most delicious water I had ever tasted.

Were you glad to be back on Earth, or did you feel you could have spent the rest of your life up there ?
I was relieved to be back on Earth knowing that my mission was considered a success.
In addition, I was very happy to come back to the only place we know in the universe that can support life : our planet Earth.

Crédit : Collection Stéphane Sebile / Spacemen1969
             Space Quotes - Souvenirs d'espace

mardi 18 janvier 2011

Interview de Michael Carroll, Space Artist

Michael Carroll est un des plus célèbres et grands Space Artists contemporains.
La NASA et le Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) ont souvent fait appel à son talent.
Ses œuvres sont connues de beaucoup d’entre nous, pour avoir été publiées dans des centaines de revues et magazines comme Time, National Geographic, Astronomy Now, Sky and Telescope, les revues du Smithsonian, ou même Ciel et Espace, entre autres…
Il a illustré des livres dont certains de Carl Sagan et d’Arthur C. Clarke.
Il a écrit une douzaine de livres pour adultes et enfants.
Ses œuvres ont été exposées au National Air and Space Museum, à l’Institut for Space Research (IKI) de Moscou, etc…
Il a également peint des fresques murales pour divers établissements.
Deux de ses œuvres ont volé dans MIR, dont une est restée dans MIR jusqu’à la destruction de celle-ci.
Une autre se trouvait dans la sonde Mars 96, dont le tir a échoué.
Il possède son propre site internet où vous pourrez admirer et acheter certaines de ses œuvres : http://stock-space-images.com
Interview réalisée en 2011
Q : When have you decide to became space artist ? And why did you like space exploration, aviation,etc … ?
A : I did my first painting when I was eleven years old (of our dog).
My third painting was my first space painting.
I did it in 1968, based on a photo taken by the Apollo 8 astronauts of the lunar far side. Ever since, I've been hooked !
My father was an aerospace engineer, and our family knew astronaut Ed White, first American to walk in space and one of three who died in the Apollo 1 fire.
My grandfather was a general in the air force, so I have always had aviation and space in my family.
Q : What was your 1st professional artist space work and how have you worked on this ?
My earliest professional commission, aside from paintings for individuals, was for a local game company called Dimension Six. They made board games with space themes.
Q : What are your(s) feeling(s) about that many people saw and loved yours painters and works every days ?
A : It is always humbling to think about how many people see and (hopefully) enjoy my work in magazines, books, TV, etc ...
Q : Did you like to go in space ? And why ?
A : I would love to BE in space, or especially explore Mars, but I don't think I would enjoy getting there. I would probably barf! (Throw up)
Q : What memories have you of the Apollo 11 lunar landing in 1969 ?
A : My sister and I watched in sitting on the couch in our livingroom, with Mom and Dad right there.
It was amazing.
I was only 14, but even then I knew I was seeing something that would change the history of humankind forever.
Q : What is your best memory about your space artist career ?
A : I always love working with scientists and astronauts to get things just right.
There are so many generous and inspiring people out there, and I love working with them as an artist and a writer.
Recently, I wrote a book called The Seventh Landing, where I got to interview creative engineers, Apollo and shuttle astronauts and cosmonauts, and scientists in many different countries.
I also got to illustrate it, so it was the best of both worlds!
My newest book is called Drifting on Alien Winds, about weather on other planets and moons.
It will come out in March through Springer Publishers.

vendredi 14 janvier 2011

Interview avec Jon Lomberg, Space Artist


Jon Lomberg (né en 1948) est un artiste américain spécialiste du Space Art.

Il a été le principale collaborateur artistique de Car Sagan de 1972 à 1996.

Il illustra, entre autre, pour Carl Sagan, The Cosmic Connection
Il a été le responsable artistique de la série télévisée Cosmos, toujours de Carl Sagan, et créa la couverture originelle de Contact.
Il est aussi l'auteur de l'illustration sur le disque emporté dans l'espace par la sonde Voyager 1.
Jon Lomberg est aussi connu pour sa(ses) représentation(s) de la Voie Lactée, en 2 ou 3 dimensions, notamment au National Air and Space Museum, ou à Hawaii.
Il a été honoré de nombreuses récompenses pour son travail et talent.

Interview réalisée en 2011

When have you decide to became space artist ? And why did you like space exploration, aviation,etc … ?
I have always been fascinated by the Universe ever since I was 4 years old.
My first interest was in the science.
Much later, in University, I became interested in astronomical art.
You can see my work at http://www.jonlomberg.com/

What was your 1st professional artist space work and how have you worked on this ?
The first professional job I had was illustrating Carl Sagan's book "The Cosmic Connection" in 1972.
That was the beginning of 25 years of collaboration on works including NASA's Voyager Record, the TV series COSMOS and the film CONTACT.

What are your(s) feeling(s) about that many people saw and loved yours painters and works every days ?
Of course it is very nice for an artist to hear that people like his work.
I especially value comments from scientists who say that their interest in science was inspired by my work.
And I love receiving letters from students who find my work inspiring to them.

Did you like to go in space ? And why ?
It would be an incredible experience to see the Earth from space with my own eyes.
I love scuba diving because it has so many aspects that are similar to the astronaut experience.

What memories have you o the Apollo 11 lunar landing in 1969 ?
That was the night I did my very first space painting, imaging the Earth as an eye, looking out into the Universe.

What is your best memory about your space artist career ?
My best memory is seeing the launch of the Voyager 1 spacecraft and knowing that something I had made was being carried to the stars.
I felt almost as good seeing two other works of mine on the surface of Mars : the sundials carried aboard the Mars rovers Spirit and Opportunity; and the Visions of Mars DVD aboard the Phoenix lander.
And completing my Galaxy Garden (www.galaxygarden.net) was also very wonderful.
Crédit : Collection Stéphane Sebile / Spacemen1969
             Space Quotes - Souvenirs d'espace
             Jon Lomberg

jeudi 6 janvier 2011

Interview de Marcia Bartusiak, journaliste et une des 40 journalistes sélectionnés par la NASA pour le programme Journalist in Space in 1986

Marcia Bartusiak est écrivain et journaliste scientifique.
En 1986, elle est l'une des 40 journalistes américains sélectionnés par la NASA pour le programme Journalist in Space. Mais, après l'accident de Challenger, le programme est remis en question, puis finalement annulé...
Elle était finaliste de l'Etat de Virginie.
Elle est actuellement Professeur (writing science) au Massachussetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T).
Elle a son propre site et son propre blog :
Interview réalisée en 2010
Q : Why have you decide to become candidate for NASA Journalist in Space selection ?
A : It was actually my second attempt at getting into space.
Just as I was finishing my master's degree in physics, I applied to NASA to become an astronaut.
But my application was rejected because, at the time I applied, I had not yet completed my graduate degree, which was a requirement.
I applied too soon! But I went on to become a science writer and when the Journalist-in-Space competition was announced, it seemed natural to apply.
Here was the opportunity to engage two of my passions at once: writing and space exploration.
Q : What was your job during this selection and what is your job currently ? Why did you choose a science writer and author career ?
A : From a young age, I was always interested in both science and writing.
My undergraduate degree was in journalism, which allowed me to write on many stories, but after four years I returned to school to get a master's degree in physics so that I could specialize in writing on science alone.
Ever since I have been writing on physics and astronomy for a general audience, in both magazines and books.
At the time of the Journalist-in-Space competition I was a freelance writer, working from Virginia.
Many years have now gone by, and I've since moved to Massachusetts, near Boston.
I continue to write on science, but now I also teach at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
I'm currently executive director of the MIT Graduate Program in Science Writing, preparing the up-and-coming science writers of tomorrow.
Q : I suppose you would like to go in space. But why ?
A : I think it's in my genes. All my grandparents, when only teenagers in the 1910s, emigrated to the United States from Poland searching for a new life.
I think of space in that way: the next frontier to visit and explore.
It's an urge, I believe, that is part of our evolutionary makeup.
Q : What represent for you Yuri Gagarin ?
A : I can't believe we're approaching the fiftieth anniversary of his spaceflight around the world.
I was 11 years old at the time and quite caught up in this major event.
Just a few years before I had gotten my first telescope and was fascinated by all things related to outer space.
And, given those Cold-War times, I guess I was feeling from all the adults around me the jealousy that the Russians got there first.
Q : What represent for you Apollo 11 / Which memories have you of this event ? A : I remember sitting in front of the television....literally....for hours and hours.
I didn't want to miss one moment.
What stays with me is the image of the CBS anchorman Walter Cronkite wiping away a tear when the Apollo 11 astronauts safely landed.
And now we no longer have any presence on the Moon, except for the occasional unmanned survey.
The last astronauts to journey across the dusty soil did so in 1972, nearly four decades ago.
Who knew that Cronkite's tear of joy would turn into a tear of disappointment for those of us who longed for the life of the movie 2001 to come true.
Q : What will be your most incredible space dream ?
A : To actually live for a while somewhere else in the solar system, such as Mars, looking up at the sky and searching for that blue speck called Earth.

jeudi 30 décembre 2010

Interview de Claudie Haigneré, première française dans l'espace


*Claudie Haigneré est Médecin rhumatologue, spécialiste en médecine aéronautique.
Elle est également Docteur ès-sciences, option Neuro-Sciences.

Elle obtient successivement un Certificat d'Etudes Spécialisées (CES) de biologie et de médecine du sport en 1981, un CES de médecine aéronautique et spatiale en 1982, un CES de rhumatologie en 1984, un Diplôme d'Etudes Approfondies (DEA) de biomécanique et physiologie du mouvement en 1986, et soutient une thèse de neuro-sciences en 1992.

En 1985, elle est sélectionnée comme astronaute du CNES.

Elle travaillera sur les expériences ‘’Physalie’’ et ‘’Viminal’’ lors de la 2ème mission de Jean-Loup Chrétien, Soyouz TM-7 / Aragatz.

De 1990 à 1992, Claudie Haigneré est responsable des programmes de physiologie et de médecine spatiale à la Division "Sciences de la Vie" du CNES à Paris, participant aux orientations de la recherche spatiale dans ce domaine, en étroite collaboration avec les laboratoires français et internationaux.

Elle assure, de 1989 à 1992, la coordination scientifique de la mission franco-russe Antarès pour les expériences des sciences de la vie, lors de la préparation et du vol de Michel Tognini (Mission Soyouz TM-15 Antares).

En octobre 1992, elle est désignée comme doublure de Jean-Pierre Haigneré pour la Mission Soyouz TM-17 / Altaïr.

Elle effectue sa première mission spatiale en août 1996 lors du vol Soyouz TM-24 / Cassiopée, devenant la première française dans l’espace.
En 1998, elle est de nouveau la doublure de Jean-Pierre Haigneré pour Soyouz TM-29 / Perseus.

En 1999, elle intégre le Corps Européen des Astronautes (EAC).

En 2001, elle effectue sa 2ème mission spatiale Soyouz TM-33 / Andromède.
Elle quitte le corps des astronautes en juin 2002 et devient ministre déléguée à la Recherche et aux Nouvelles technologies jusqu’en mars 2004.

De mars 2004 à mai 2005, elle est ministre déléguée aux Affaires européennes.

Elle est, depuis 2009, Présidente d’Universcience (nouvel établissement public issu du rapprochement entre le Palais de la découverte et la Cité des sciences et de l’industrie).
Claudie Haigneré est également l'épouse de l'astronaute Jean-Pierre Haigneré.

Interview réalisé en 2010

RENCONTRE AVEC CLAUDIE HAIGNERE QUI NOUS PARLE DE SA PREMIERE MISSION SPATIALE SOYOUZ TM-24 / CASSIOPEE

D'où est venu votre intérêt pour l'espace et combien de temps avez-vous travaillé dans le spatial avant votre 1er vol ?
Une connexion “virtuelle” s’est faite très tôt…
En juillet 1969, j’avais 12 ans lorsque j’ai vu, en direct, les premiers pas de l’Homme sur la Lune.
Une émotion est née en moi ce jour là.

En revanche le lien effectif avec le programme spatial date de 1985, année de ma sélection par le Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES).

Puis, de 1985 à 1992, j’ai mené un travail de recherche dans le domaine de la physiologie du mouvement, sur l'adaptation des systèmes sensori-moteurs en microgravité.
Ce travail a été mené en étroite collaboration avec des laboratoires russes et américains.
J’ai par ailleurs été nommée responsable des programmes de physiologie et de médecine spatiale à la Division sciences de la vie du CNES, à Paris, en 1990.

Mon départ pour l’entraînement, à la Cité des étoiles, en Russie, s’est fait en 1992.

Puis le 1er vol est enfin arrivé, en 1996.

Il s’est donc écoulé au total plus de 11 ans entre la sélection et le 1er vol…

Le second vol, lui, s’est déroulé en 2001.

Comment vous sentiez-vous ? / Que ressentiez-vous avant de vous envoler ?
J’étais plutôt impatiente.
La phase d’entraînement est intensive, et nous permet de maîtriser l’ensemble des procédures à mettre en œuvre en cas de problème.
C’est également une période qui permet de connaître parfaitement les autres membres de l’équipage, ainsi que toutes les personnes qui accompagnent le projet au sol.
Et de cette connaissance naît une confiance.
L’impatience donc, plus que la peur.
Et une certaine émotion, bien sûr. On a conscience de vivre des moments extraordinaires.

Quelles sortes de sensations avez-vous ‘’expériementées’’ pendant le décollage ?
Là encore, de l’impatience et de l’émotion.
On demande souvent aux astronautes s’ils ressentent de la peur au moment de la mise à feu.
A vrai dire, il y a tout un travail à faire, une concentration, qui ne nous laisse pas tellement le temps d’avoir peur.
Il y a plutôt ce que j’appellerais un « stress positif », et un sentiment de responsabilité par rapport à la mission qui nous est confiée.
Et par rapport à la confiance que de très nombreuses personnes placent en nous.

Comment était l’apesanteur, et à quoi avez-vous pensez pendant le vol ?
Les premiers mots qui me viennent à l’esprit pour décrire les sensations en apesanteur sont « légèreté » et « liberté ».
En microgravité, l’absence de poids nous ouvre les yeux sur la possibilité d’explorer de nouvelles dimensions, et sur les potentiels inexplorés de notre propre corps.
Et puis, ce qui est impressionnant, c’est la capacité d’adaptation de notre organisme à un nouvel environnement.
Au bout de 48 heures, l’habitude a déjà pris le dessus.
Il est difficile de décrire concrètement ce à quoi l’on pense durant un vol.
Surtout durant les vols courts, comme ceux que j’ai pu faire.
Le programme de travail est chargé, et laisse peu de temps libre.
Mais il est vrai que voir par le hublot la Terre, dans sa beauté, sa fragilité, sa « finitude », nous fait mesurer la responsabilité de l’humanité dans la préservation de notre planète.

Quels ont été les problèmes rencontrés durant le vol et comment les avez-vous résolus ?
J’ai eu beaucoup de chance durant mes deux vols : des conditions de vol nominales et un amarrage automatique.
En revanche nous avons pu rencontrer des problèmes mineurs : pannes d’ordinateurs, de ventilateurs…
Mais il faut savoir que dans le module russe et sur la station MIR, tout est fait pour faciliter la réparation d’éléments divers.
Notamment parce qu’un choix a été fait d’utiliser du matériel moins sophistiqué, par exemple, que sur la station spatiale internationale.
Lorsque je me suis rendue sur cette dernière en 2001, quelques mois après son lancement, j’ai pu expérimenter des modules très performants mais dont la mise en route est plus complexe.
De même, nous avons eu des surprises lors d’expériences menées à bord, comme nous aurions d’ailleurs pu en rencontrer en laboratoire.
Je pense par exemple à une expérience sur la physique des plasmas menée lors de mon 2ème vol, en 2001.
Une expérience qui avait maintes et maintes fois été répétée au sol…mais dont les résultats divergeaient totalement dans l’espace !
Notre première réaction a été de nous demander quelle étape de la manipulation n’avait pas été faite dans les règles.
Mais après vérification, c’est en réalité le comportement de ce plasma dans l’espace que nous n’avions pas prédit au sol !

Qu’avez-vous manger à bord ? La nourriture avait-elle vraiment du goût ?
Le repas était d’abord un moment de convivialité important.
Nous nous retrouvions autour d’une table sur laquelle était collés des velcros qui empêchaient nos couverts de s’envoler !
Nous avions des aliments dans des conditionnements (conserves, aliments lyophilisés, ou sous vide) très divers.
Mais un de mes repas spatiaux les plus marquants date de 1996 : une école hôtelière de Souillac, dans le sud de la France, avait réalisé, en projet de classe, un repas dans les conditions de stérilisation adaptées.
Nous avions alors eu droit à des cailles farcies aux raisins et à du riz au lait, dont la qualité gustative était tout à fait appréciable !

Comment s’est passé le retour, la ré-entrée ?
La ré-entrée dans l’atmosphère était sans doute la partie la plus physique, la plus sportive, du vol.
Je suis dans les deux cas revenue en capsule et non en navette, qui offre des conditions plus « douces ».
Contrairement à la navette qui plane, la capsule se désamarre de la station, puis freine dans les couches denses de l’atmosphère, avec l’ouverture d’une série de petits parachutes.
Cela entraîne des secousses très importantes, qui s’intensifient avec l’ouverture d’un énorme parachute, comportant une capsule, de 1000 m2…
De plus le plasma autour du vaisseau s’échauffe fortement… à tel point que le hublot change de couleur : il passe du rose, au rouge au marron…comme s’il brûlait.
Puis la partie superficielle du hublot s’éjecte grâce à un système pyrotechnique.
Et l’on peut de nouveau voir au travers…
Ces sensations étranges sont décuplées par le fait que pendant quelques minutes, les ondes électro-magnétiques ne passant pas, la liaison avec la terre est rompue.
Mais cela a produit un étonnement dont j’ai pu profiter.
Surtout lors du 2ème vol d’ailleurs.
La première fois, je l’avoue, j’ai fermé les yeux Jusqu’à l’impact avec le sol, qui, il faut bien le dire est assez violent.
Et enfin, les équipes de secours ouvrent les écoutilles.
Je garde un souvenir marquant et ému de l’odeur de la terre, qui a imprégné mes narines à ce moment précis, et qui contrastait avec l’absence d’odeur à bord de la station.
L’odeur des steppes, du champ de blé, dans lequel nous avons atterri.
L’odeur de la nature.

Etiez-vous heureuse de revenir sur Terre, ou bien, vous sentiez-vous ‘’capable’’ de passer le reste de votre vie en orbite dans l’espace ?
On est d’abord heureux de rentrer pour retrouver ses proches.
Je ne peux toutefois nier que le retour est empreint d’une pointe de nostalgie, de frustration.
Tout cela passe tellement vite. Mais il faut savoir qu’une fois au sol, la mission se poursuit avec l’équipe.
Et le retour est aussi le moment de prendre la mesure de l’aventure extraterrestre, extraordinaire que l’on vient de vivre.

jeudi 9 décembre 2010

Interview de Austin W. Boyd, Pilote, ingénieur, écrivain et ancien candidat astronaute de la NASA

Austin W. Boyd est un ancien pilote de l'US Navy (plus de 2700 heures de vol), ingénieur en systèmes spatiaux et aussi un écrivain réputé pour ses romans ''TechnoThrillers Spatiaux''.
Il travaille en parallèle comme responsable dans une société d'ingénierie.
En 1994, il se présente comme candidat astronaute pour le groupe 15 de la NASA. Il fait partie des derniers sélectionnables mais ne sera pas sélectionné.
Il vient nous parler de sa motivation d'avoir voulu être astronaute et pourquoi l'espace le fascine.
En tant qu'auteur, il a un site internet : http://www.austinboyd.com/
Interview réalisée en 2010
Q : Why have you decide to become candidate for NASA astronaut selection ?
A : I chose to try for astronaut because, when I was 12 years old, I felt a very strong "calling" to do something to make a difference.
I felt that being an astronaut was where I was called to serve in life.
I spent 32 years doing everything I could to achieve that selection, from age 12 until age 44.
I wanted to go to space, yes, but even more wanted to be part of that astronaut team at NASA.
Q : What is your job and why have choose to do it ?
A : I am currently in a job as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of a small engineering and design company in Huntsville, AL.
I didn't choose that job... the Board of Directors chose me... and it's the most challenging and fun job I've ever held.
I lead 68 people in the design and manufacture of many different kinds of products.
You can learn more about my work at http://www.inergi.com/
Q : I suppose you would like to go in space. But why ?
A : I wanted to go to space, as I said above, to make a difference.
My spaceflight goal was to serve on the International Space Station, and to do ExtraVehicular Activities (EVA).
My dream was to be part of a mission to Mars, to set foot on another planet.
Q : Did you think it's important for the mankind to have a step in space, to send man in space and why ?
A : I do think it is important for mankind to go to space.
There are many reasons, but perhaps the most important is that we must always have a view of life that goes beyond ourselves.
The challenge of climbing a mountain, of climbing away from the earth in a plane, or climbing into orbit to learn more, see new horizons, is important to the human race.
We are, for the most part, a creation that seeks to know more about our world and to accomplish things.
Spaceflight beckons us to new vistas to learn and explore. That's important to society.
Also, there is a financial benefit. Pushing the limits of space brings business and research benefit to our societies.
Q : What represent for you Yuri Gagarin ?
A : Yuri Gagarin represents a first step into space.
I'm happy for the Russian people that he made it there first.
And I am proud for the American people that we reached the moon first.
But many forget that it's the German people who made both flights possible... German engineers in Russia and in the United States.
You might say that the Germans got there first, in partnership with all of the rest of us.
Q : Which memory(ies) have you of Apollo 11 ?
A : I recall Apollo 11 as a young man, watching the Moon landing on the television.
I was 3 years into my quest to get into the astronaut program and did not miss anything of the space program.
Apollo 11 also has a special place in my heart because it represents the culmination of a national dream, accomplishing what we set out to do.
I believe in setting goals, and this was a big one.
Q : What is / will be your most incredible space dream ?
A : My space dream ? I won't select for the astronaut program... I am too old now at 56 years of age.
But I have a dream that perhaps I'll live to see a trip to space.
I am an author.
Perhaps I'll be asked to go, perhaps I'll be able to pay to go.
But whether I go or not, I feel that I've accomplished my big dream, to make a difference.
When I retired from the United States Navy and had to stop my search for selection to the astronaut program, I began writing about space.
I was blessed to sell three novels about a trip to Mars, and in those three books, have seen their impact on many people's lives.
People tell me every day that they understand the space business better, appreciate even more the sacrifice made by those who have flown.
So, I made a difference in an unexpected way.
My novels... The Evidence, The Proof, and The Return... are still out there, changing lives.
After those were published, I've written another three novels, and I have a new focus in life as an author.
I learned an important lesson in my space quest... that we are all called to a journey, not a destination.
My search to be an astronaut led me to become an author, and through my writing I can impact people's lives.
I am still on my journey.

mardi 23 novembre 2010

Rencontre avec le Dr John G. Sotos, cardiologue et ancien candidat astronaute NASA

Le Dr John G. Sotos est médecin cardiologue.
Il est également diplômé en mathématiques et en informatique (spécialisé en intelligence artificielle).
Il est actuellement le Président d'une société spécialisée dans le traitement des apnées du sommeil.
En 1989-90, il fait parti des finalistes dans la sélection NASA comme astronaute.
Il ne sera pas sélectionné mais aime toujours autant l'espace.
Interview réalisée en 2010
Q : Why have you decide to become candidate for NASA astronaut selection ?
A : In 1960s America, every boy wanted to be an astronaut.
That is not surprising.
Whenever a manned space launch was scheduled, teachers would stop their lessons, roll a television into the room, and the entire class would watch the countdown and launch.
With this kind of emphasis from teachers, who wouldn't want to become an astronaut?
Q : What is your job and why have choose to do it ?
A : In college, a buddy and I intensively studied the biographies of all the astronauts who had so far been selected.
We realized that our chances of selection would be good if we could do three things:
[1] get an M.D. (medical) degree,
[2] get an engineering degree, and
[3] get flight time in military fighter aircraft.
That probably explains why I am a cardiologist, engineering new medical devices, and why my second job is as a flight surgeon in the Air National Guard.
Q : I suppose you would like to go in space. But why ?
A : Sure, it would be fun to go, to see the view, but that doesn't really help anyone or make a contribution to the sum total of human knowledge.
So my desire today is not too strong.
Q : Did you think it's important for the mankind to have a step in space, to send man in space and why ?
A : Yes, I do.
Is it more important than getting cars to run on something other than oil products ?
I'm not sure about that. I think the chief value of the space program today is as a source of inspiration for young people who want to do something worthwhile, difficult, adventurous, and larger than themselves.
We can't have our best people wasting their talents as investment bankers.
Q : What represent for you Yuri Gagarin ?
A : I know very little about him, but I suppose Gagarin, like all the early cosmonauts and astronauts, was a highly capable military officer doing his duty.
Certainly it took enormous courage to do what he did, especially given the disasters that had plagued the Soviet space program.
I recently read an insider's account that Gagarin was selected for his flight, above others, because he was good looking and would therefore be a better emblem for the Soviet Union than some of the less attractive but perhaps more capable cosmonauts.
Q : Which memory(ies) have you of Apollo 11 ?
A : Much to my dismay, our family was visiting relatives in Greece.
In 1969 few Greeks had televisions.
We had to find the Voice of America building in downtown Athens to see the liftoff.
When the lunar module descended to the surface, we listened to it in a hotel bar. (My first time in a bar!)
The walk on the moon happened about 5 am in Athens.
It was really hard to wake up, but we did it.
All the Americans in our hotel (and only the Americans) were down in the lobby watching.
The TV was horrible. I couldn't tell what was going on.
I heard Armstrong's "one small step" phrase and sat there thinking it made no sense.
Finally I had to ask my father if Armstrong was on the moon yet.
Q : What is / will be your most incredible space dream ?
A : If magic were real, I would like to see three things:
(1) the civilizations that are out there,
(2) the biology and adaptations that evolution off the earth has produced, and
(3) the view near the center of the galaxy.

mercredi 17 novembre 2010

Rencontre avec Jean-Jacques Dordain, directeur de l'Agence Spatiale Européenne

Jean-Jacques Dordain est le Directeur de l'Agence Spatiale Européenne depuis 2003.
Ingénieur de formation, il a travaillé sur les moteurs à ergols et les expériences en microgravité.
Il entre à l'ESA en 1986 comme Chef du Département Microgravité et Utilisation de la Station Spatiale et en 2001, il est le Directeur des Lanceurs.
En 1977, il fait partie des finalistes des 5 astronautes sélectionnés pour le programme Spacelab.
Interview réalisée en 2010.
Q : Quel est votre ‘’background’’ et pourquoi avez-vous voulu travailler dans le secteur du spatial ?
R : Je suis rentré en sixième le 1 octobre 1957, trois jours avant le lancement de Spoutnik et j’ai obtenu mon diplôme d’ingénieur de l’Ecole Centrale le 20 Juillet 1969, date américaine du premier pas de l’homme sur la Lune.
Depuis ce jour, je travaille dans le monde du spatial.
Q : En 1977, vous faites partie des 5 français sélectionnés pour le programme Spacelab-1.
Pourquoi avoir décidé de vous porter candidat comme astronaute ?
R : C’était pour moi la meilleure façon de vivre une passion pour l’espace.
Depuis je sais qu’il y a énormément de façons de vivre cette passion.
Q : Je suppose que vous aimeriez voler dans l’espace. Mais pourquoi ?
R : Pour vivre moi-même ce que j’ai vu par procuration au travers de mes collègues astronautes.
Q : Pensez-vous que la présence humaine soit indispensable dans l’espace ?
R : C’est l’espace qui est indispensable à l’homme plutôt que l’inverse.
Q : Pourquoi avoir accepté le poste de Directeur Général de l’Agence Spatiale Européenne ?
R : Par ce que j’espère que c’est aujourd’hui á ce poste que je suis le plus utile aux progrès des activités spatiales au bénéfice des citoyens et de leur vie sur terre.
Q : Que faisiez vous la nuit où Apollo 11 s’est posé sur la Lune ?
R : Devant mon poste de télévision pour vivre en direct cet événement historique .
Q : Quel est votre plus beau souvenir professionnel ?
R : Je ne garde que les beaux souvenirs, même si j’apprends beaucoup de ce que j’aurais pu garder comme mauvais souvenir.
Le meilleur est peut être l’atterrissage de la sonde Huygens de l’ESA á la surface de Titan : la découverte d’un nouveau monde!
Q : Quel serait votre rêve spatial le plus fou ?
R : J’ai beaucoup de rêves, mais comme je souhaite tous les réaliser, aucun n’est fou.

mercredi 10 novembre 2010

Interview de Jason Rhodes, cosmologiste au Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)

Jason Rhodes est cosmologiste au sein du Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) à Pasadena.
Docteur en astrophysique, il est spécialiste de l'étude de la matière noire et de l'énergie noire.
Il est également candidat astronaute à la NASA en 1999 (Groupe 18) et en 2009 (Groupe 20) mais n'est pas sélectionné.
Il vient ici nous parler de son métier, et de sa passion pour l'espace.
Interview réalisé en 2010
Q : Why have you decide to become candidate for NASA astronaut selection ?
A : I have always wanted to be an astronaut ever since I was a child.
Many children probably share this dream but I simply never outgrew it.
I have always wanted to learn about space and science and explore new areas, so being an astronaut seemed like a natural extension of this curiosity.
Q : What is your job and why have choose to do it ?
A : I am a cosmologist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Specifically I study dark matter and dark energy, the dominant components of the Universe.
I have primarily used the Hubble Space Telescope to perform these studies.
However, lately I have become involved in several projects to develop new space telescopes to study dark energy.
In particular, I am interested in ESA's proposed Euclid telescope, a project headed by a French colleague and friend of mine.
I chose my job because I love learning about the Universe and I am fascinated by little-understood phenomena like dark matter and dark energy.
Q : I suppose you would like to go in space. But why ?
A : I would like to go because I always love pushing new boundaries and I think the greatest journey we can make will be the one what eventually moves us beyond the Earth.
I want to be part of the earliest stages of that journey.
Q : Did you think it's important for the mankind to have a step in space, to send man in space and why ?
A : I think there are several reasons.
It is in our nature to always want to explore the unknown and we have a primal urge to do so.
On a more pragmatic note, it is necessary for the long term survival of our species to move beyond a single planet or even single solar system.
Q : What represent for you Yuri Gagarin ?
A : Yuri Gagarin and the rest of the early astronauts from the US and the USSR represent not just heroes in the traditional sense but also professionals who did difficult jobs in the face of enormous pressures due to both national pride and the dangerous nature of the journeys they were taking.
Q : What represent for you Apollo 11 ?
A : Without a doubt, Apollo 11 is the single most important and impressive achievement in the history of the human race.
Q : What is your most incredible space dream ?
A : To some day go to Mars!

mardi 26 octobre 2010

Rencontre avec Andy Scheer / Meeting Andy Scheer / Launch Pad Technician

Rencontre avec Andy Scheer, Launch Pad Technician, qui vient nous parler de son travail et de sa passion pour l'espace...
Interview réalisée en 2010
Q) How many years were you connected to the space program prior to selected as Launch Pad Technician and why have you choose this job ?
A) I didn’t have any real connection to the space program prior to getting the job working on the launch pad.
Space has always fascinated me though. I grew up in a small town in Ohio very close to where Neil Armstrong was born. There is a small museum there that I remember going to on at least one school field trip.
Like so many, the original Star Trek series is what cemented my interest in any and all forms of space explorations.
I would love an opportunity to go into space, and maybe some day I’ll get my wish. Until that day comes, having an opportunity to work on the space shuttle program isn’t a bad second place.
Q) How did you have trained as Launch Pad Technician ?
A) A mechanical aviation background is one of the most desirable traits to look for when selecting a new technician.
Having past experience in military aviation or an FAA Airframe & Powerplant license are generally considered key to even getting an interview.
Recently some schools have started to offer two-year degree programs for an Aerospace Technician certification that teaches many of the skills that will be required in any future program.
I had six years of military aviation experience as an Apache helicopter crew chief and a year at the Cessna Citation factory before I got the job at KSC. Q) What is exactly your job as Launch Pad Technician ?
A) Currently I am the lead technician in what is affectionately called the “Cryo Shop” on pad 39A.
Our shop is responsible for maintaining the pad ground support system that is used to service the orbiters internal fuel cell tanks with liquid hydrogen and oxygen.
Or secondary responsibility is to maintain the orbiters ground cooling system at the pad.
This system is responsible for cooling the orbiters internal components while it is on the ground.
This system performs the same function on the ground that the radiators mounted on the payload bay doors do in space.
Q) What is your best memory as Launch Pad Technician ?
A) I’m not sure about best, but certainly one of the most vivid was the first launch I saw standing in the shadow of the VAB.
Every part was spectacular. From the brilliant light of the solid rocket boosters to the vibration of that incredible thrust passing through my chest, every part was incredible.
Yet as amazing as that was, the part of that launch that stands out the most is the period of time between the launch and separation of the solid rocket boosters.
After the initial awe of launch I remember looking around at the other employees standing around me and wondering why no one was cheering or whistling or really saying anything.
With the exception of the giant rocket that had just launched, it was eerily quiet.
The announcer through the loudspeaker continued to give updates of the Shuttle’s status and progress.
Then, at just after two minutes into the flight, came the words everyone had been waiting and holding their cheers for.
As “successful booster separation” came through the speaker the cheers and whistles I had been expecting at launch finally came.
It was the fall of 2001 and even though it had been fifteen years since the Challenger disaster, for those who had seen it in person the first two minutes of flight might have been the hardest of the entire process.
Q) What is your most amazing space dream ?
A) My dream for space that I hope to see in my lifetime is that some form of space travel is as common and available as commercial airline travel is today.
We are seeing the very beginning of this already today.
There is still a long way to go and it is very likely that we will need technology that isn’t even invented yet to make this a reality.
This and much more will eventually come true given enough time and the considerable talent that is working on it.
It reminds me of a quote I have always liked from the English poet William Blake in the book “The Marriage of Heaven and Hell”.
It is “what is now proved was once only imagined”.
Humans can make anything a reality as long as we can imagine it.
Q) What is, for you, the most incredible space object ?
A) For me the most incredible space object isn’t one object, it is a picture of thousands of objects.
This picture(s) is Hobble’s ultra deep field image(s).
It is amazing to think that in such a small point in space so many galaxies could lurk.
Trying to wrap the average human brain around the distances and scale of those tiny images is a chore that can only lead to a headache.
A headache that is only compounded by contemplating the billions of objects that makes up each one of those tiny galaxies.